To raise awareness about women's suffrage, women went to the industry and tried to persuade male workers with their arguments.
Women's Suffrage in United States
To raise awareness about women's suffrage, women went to the industry and tried to persuade male workers with their arguments.
Anthony Susan was one of the foremost feminist activists in the United States in the 19th century.She was convicted in 1872 of a "crime" that was later recognized by law and the Constitution as the constitutional right of American women, not just hers.
Susan Voting Fine For Vote in 1872
Susan was accused of voting in the 1872 presidential election without permission under US law. Susan was fined 100 for the same crime.
Susan never paid the fine, but she remained active for the rest of her life.
Susan died in 1906, but her struggle for women's voting rights proved to be a milestone,on August 26, 1920.The 19th Amendment was finally added to the United States Constitution, recognizing the right of women to vote.
Two Centuries ago women Rights
August 26 is the day two centuries ago when a constitutional amendment passed, giving 26 million American women the right to have a say in the country's future decisions.
But this historic development was made possible after going through many patient stages and many difficult stages of struggle.
The struggle for American women's suffrage
Seneca Convention: The First Step
When the United States Constitution was adopted in 1788, not all citizens had the right to vote.
However, after the end of the Civil War, the Fifteenth Amendment was passed in 1870, giving all male citizens the right to vote, without distinction of 'race, color or previous state of slavery'.But women are still deprived of this right.
The first amendment to Congress to give women the right to vote was introduced in 1878, but could not be legislated.
Supporters of women's suffrage in the United States and other parts of the world are called 'suffrageists'.It is derived from the English word 'suffrage' which means to vote or give an opinion.
Suffrage movement for women's New York
The suffrage movement for women's suffrage began with a convention at the Methodist Church in Seneca Falls, New York.
The convention was attended by about 300 people, including Frederick Douglas, a leading social reformer and leader from the United States who fought for the abolition of slavery.
However, no black woman attended the convention.
Today, the church is part of the National Historic Park in Seneca Falls, dedicated to the women's rights movement and observers call it the birthplace of the feminist movement in the United States.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, one of the delegates to the convention, drafted the convention's declaration, dubbed the Declaration of Sentences.
The declaration called for equal rights for men and women and the right to vote.There were also speeches at the convention and Susan B. Anthony also spoke.
According to Andrea Decotter, superintendent of the National Park, which commemorates the feminist movement in New York.The declaration was originally drawn up in the wake of the US Declaration of Independence.
However, the slogan of the Declaration of Independence, "All men are created equal," was changed to "All men and women are created equal."
Women the Right to Vote
During this period, some US states enacted laws to give women the right to vote and most Western states enacted such legislation.But feminists were calling for legislation at the national level.
He called for an amendment to the US Constitution to remove or disenfranchise gender-based suffrage.
Protests, jails and Public Relations
Launched in the 19th century by women leaders such as Susan B.Anthony and Elizabeth Cady, the movement entered the twentieth century and led to the next generation.
Alan Carroll Debois
According to Alan Carroll Debois, a historian of women's suffrage and author of the book Suffrage.Women's Long Battle for Votes, the movement was now in the hands of college graduate women.These women accounted for a quarter of the US workforce.
The movement to give women the right to vote included award-winning writers, poets and artists, according to DeBois.
Women march for voting rights in 1913
The movement took a step forward in 1916 and took the path of protest.They paraded in the streets, staged silent processions and went on hunger strikes.These women were harassed and ridiculed.
According to Dubois, these women used to give speeches in public places for the right to vote.During the lunch break, the men of the industry would go to the crowd of workers and inform them of their demands and often succeed in convincing their audience.
As a result of these persistent efforts for public contact and awareness.The draft of the 19th Amendment was finally sent to the states for ratification, after a long delay in the Congress.
48 States in the United States
In the United States, constitutional approval requires the approval of three-quarters of the states before it can be ratified.There were 48 states in the United States at the time and Tennessee was the last state to ratify the 19th Amendment in August 1919.
Two years later, on August 26, 1920, the amendment became part of the United States Constitution.
The centennial celebrations commemorated the passage of the amendment in 2012 and paid tribute to the women who played a significant role in the legislation.
Women of the Suffrage Movement demonstrate outside the White House in 1917.
President Donald Trump
At the time, then-President Donald Trump also pardoned Susan B.Anthony for the "crime" of voting, and Susan continued her struggle regardless.
In her famous speech in 1873, Susan B. Anthony, referring to the beginnings of the US Constitution, said that where it is written that we.The American people are making it a free and strong union, 'We' means not only white men but all of us (women).
Suffrage movement and black women
Andrea Decotter, superintendent of the National Park, which commemorates the feminist movement in New York, says that in 1870.The Fifteenth Amendment gave only black American men the right to vote.
Speaking to VOA, she says that since the women's suffrage movement began, racial discrimination has persisted.The movement that began with Seneca has not included black women.
Martha S. Jones Professor at Johns Hopkins University
According to Martha S. Jones, a professor of history at Johns Hopkins University and author of a book on the feminist movement.Over the past two centuries, black women have run a parallel rights movement through their separate organizations.
Speaking to VOA's Deborah Block on the 100th anniversary of the 19th Amendment, he said the organizations included church conferences, civil rights organizations and anti-slavery organizations.
'Obstacles to women's equality still remain'
According to the League of Women Voters, a non-governmental organization working for women's voting rights in the United States.There are still many problems after the 100th anniversary of the passage of the 19th Amendment.
According to her, conditions such as voter ID requirements, requiring proof of citizenship despite being eligible to vote.Measures such as reducing voting hours in black communities and removing illegal entries from voter lists are still the same for women today.There are big obstacles in the way of truth.
Women's Rights Activists
Women's rights activists have called for the approval of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to remove these barriers.
Three years after the 19th Amendment, passed in 1920 to give women the right to vote.Another amendment to equal rights was introduced in Congress.
The amendment proposed a change in the US Constitution that would not allow any discrimination on the basis of gender in the United States or any of its states and would give equal rights to all.
US Senate 1972
It was approved by the US House of Representatives in 1971 and by the Senate in 1972, but amendments to the constitution require ratification from three-quarters of the United States, or 38 states.In January last year, the required number of states had ratified the ERA, but this ratification came several years after the deadline.
The US Congress has expired in January this year to ratify the ERA, paving the way for the ERA to be included in the constitution.
The Equal Rights in United States
According to Eleanor Smel, president of the Feminist Majority Foundation, the Equal Rights Amendment makes it clear that the US Constitution requires equal treatment for all women.
He said that ERA would not only eliminate discrimination against women in wages, education, insurance, etc.But would also help prevent violence against women.
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